What is Breast Cancer?
What is Cancer? Cancer is an illness that occurs when changes in the human body called mutations to take place in genes that regulate cell growth. These mutations let the cells divide and multiply in an uncontrolled way.

Symptoms of Breast
Cancer
- breast pain
- red, pitted skin over your entire breast
- nipple discharge other than breast milk
- bloody discharge from your nipple
- a breast lump or tissue thickening that feels different than surrounding tissue and has developed recently
- peeling, scaling, or flaking of the skin on your nipple or breast
- swelling in all or part of your breast
- a sudden, unexplained change in the shape or size of your breast
- changes to the appearance of the skin on your breasts
- inverted nipple
- a lump or swelling under your arm
Types of Breast Cancer
- Invasive ductal
carcinoma: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer. This type
of breast cancer begins in your breast’s milk ducts and then invades
nearby tissue in the breast. Once the breast cancer has spread to the
tissue outside your milk ducts, it can begin to spread to other nearby
organs and tissue.
- Invasive lobular carcinoma: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) first develops in your breast’s lobules and has invaded nearby tissue.
- Ductal carcinoma
in situ: Ductal
carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive condition. With DCIS, the cancer cells are confined to the ducts in your breast and haven’t invaded the surrounding breast tissue.
- Lobular carcinoma in situ: Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is cancer that grows in the milk-producing glands of your breast. Like DCIS, the cancer cells haven’t invaded the surrounding tissue.
- Phyllodes tumor: This very
rare type of breast cancer grows in the connective tissue of the breast.
Most of these tumors are benign, but some are cancerous.
- Angiosarcoma: This is cancer that grows on the blood vessels or lymph vessels in the breast.
- Paget disease of
the nipple: This
type of breast cancer begins in the ducts of the nipple, but as it grows,
it begins to affect the skin and areola of the nipple.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Triple-negative
Breast Cancer
- It lacks
estrogen receptors: These are receptors on the cells that bind or attach, to the hormone estrogen. If a tumor has estrogen
receptors, estrogen can stimulate cancer to grow.
- It lacks
progesterone receptors: These receptors are cells that bind to the hormone progesterone. If a tumor has progesterone receptors,
progesterone can stimulate cancer to grow.
- It doesn’t have
additional HER2 proteins on its surface: HER2 is a
protein that fuels breast cancer growth.
Metastatic
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer Stages
- if the cancer is
invasive or noninvasive
- how large the
tumor is
- whether the
lymph nodes are involved
- if the cancer
has spread to nearby tissue or organs
Stage 0
breast cancer
Stage 1
breast cancer
- Stage 1A: The
the primary tumor is 2 centimeters wide or less and the lymph nodes are not
affected.
- Stage 1B: Cancer is
found in nearby lymph nodes, and either there is no tumor in the breast,
or the tumor is smaller than 2 cm.
Stage 2
breast cancer
- Stage 2A: The tumor
is smaller than 2 cm and has spread to 1–3 nearby lymph nodes, or it’s
between 2 and 5 cm and hasn’t spread to any lymph nodes.
- Stage 2B: The tumor
is between 2 and 5 cm and has spread to 1–3 axillary (armpit) lymph nodes,
or it’s larger than 5 cm and hasn’t spread to any lymph nodes.
Stage 3
breast cancer
- Stage 3A:
- Cancer has
spread to 4–9 axillary lymph nodes or has enlarged the internal mammary
lymph nodes and the primary tumor can be any size.
- Tumors are
greater than 5 cm and cancer has spread to 1–3 axillary lymph nodes
or any breastbone nodes.
- Stage 3B: A tumor has
invaded the chest wall or skin and may or may not have invaded up to 9
lymph nodes.
- Stage 3C: Cancer is
found in 10 or more axillary lymph nodes, lymph nodes near the collarbone,
or internal mammary nodes.
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